Apple Special Event

What has Apple already achieved?

- amazing products (more than 1 billion devices in use)

- impact on people (an important part in daily life)

→ significant oppotunity and responsibility

   - protect users' data and privacy

   - impact things for the better

"We are working to leave the world better than we found it."

ENVIRONMENT

"just like everything we do at Apple: when we think about it, we think about INNOVATION."

the greatest challenge in the world: changing climate

time to action is NOW

- solutions: energy efficiency and renewable energy

- ambitious goal: become 100% renewable in 100% operations worldwide

- achievement: 93% worldwide, 100% renewable in 23 countries around the world

innovative solutions:

- Sichuan: bild solar farm without disturbing oxs

- Singapore: solar raise in roof top

- clean resources: sun/ wind/ water

"Every time you send a iMessage or make a FaceTime video call, or ask Siri a question, you feel reduce your impact on environment."

- protect forest by producing the paper we use (99% paper of package is from recycled paper)

"the world is limited with resource, and something can be replaced"

* Liam: to seperate iPhones

HEALTH

- ResearchKit

improve medical research in a completely new way

   - Studies become no more geografic boundary

   - help pave the way for medicine in the future

- CareKit

bring research and care together

   - people use Apps to learn themselves

   - empower people to take an active role in their life

→ create a better life

* Privacy

The users choose which App to use and with whom you share the information

PRODUCT

* customer satisfaction

* breakthrough

思考：苹果公司被誉为全球最著名科技公司之一的原因。

看完视频最打动我的，不是苹果产品的巨大销量，也不是其中的科技含量，而是整个视频中透露出来的一个大公司该有的理念和情怀。

* 责任意识

   - 对用户的责任感

     Apple对用户有着极强的责任感，这种责任感不仅体现在对更好用户体验的追求上，更体现在对用户隐私的维护上。他们将一切开发，都建立在维护用户隐私的基础之上。例如CareKit，用户有权利选择与谁分享自己的健康信息，再例如Note，用户能给自己的笔记加密，防止隐私被他人窃取。

   - 对社会的责任感

     勇于承担社会责任。关于环境，他们没有让经济利益凌驾于社会责任之上，使用再生能源，发明Liam机器人，做一切尽可能的改进，确保自己公司的发展不以环境为代价。关于隐私，他们不仅关心用户的隐私，还关心社会大众的隐私。他们试图探讨政府对大众隐私的摄取度。甚至是关于看似与他们公司八竿子打不着的医学方面，他们也竭力为医学研究提供更多数据支持，将推动整个社会进步视为己任。

* 创新意识

创新对企业乃至社会发展的重要性不言而喻。关于创新，他们说，他们在任何问题上，想到的都是创新。产品科技上的创新这里就不多加赘述了。

   - 在环保进程中，他们的原则是因地制宜与创新，力争在各个地方找出当地适合的模式进行发展，如新加坡土地珍贵就将太阳能板搬上屋顶。

   - 在健康App的开发中，他们首创将个人健康与医学研究相结合，一边注重提高用户的健康意识，一边为医学研究提供前所未有丰富精准的数据支持，实现双赢的局面。

* 敢想敢做

视频里提到了两个词让我印象深刻：ambitious & determined

- Ambitious

   当两年前他们提出实现100% Renewable时，受到了来自各方的质疑，觉得他们简直是在痴人说梦。可是如今，他们真的做到了。倘若连想都不敢想，何来的发展与进步。苹果公司正是因为雄心勃勃，靠着不停“做梦”，才能不停向前。

- Determined

   崇高的抱负自然要面对更多的困难，只有目标明确，坚持不懈，才能取得成绩。环保如此，研发CareKit如此，面对整个公司的发展更是如此。面对发展过程中不断出现的各种诱惑，如何像苹果公司这样不忘初心，确实是值得很多企业深思的。

* 轻松的工作环境

在整个视频中我注意到的，不仅是公司取得的各种成果，还有各部门同事间的和谐与融洽。幽默感，这是营造轻松工作环境的重中之重。印象最深的是那段和Siri的对话：

- Hey Siri, how do you feel about recycling?

- I love the Apple Renew Programm, but Liam really tears me apart.

场下哄堂大笑。仅报告期间的短短几个笑话，就透露出他们工作时轻松愉悦的心态。只有在这样的办公环境下，才能灵感乍现，效率提高。这样的现代办公状态让人感慨。

总而言之，苹果公司的成功虽不可简单复制，但一家公司若能像它一样，做到创新与责任兼顾，大概也就离成功不远了。

2015 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report

Background

• role and character of public policy research prganizations
• leading think tanks

"Helping to bridge the gap between knowkedge and policy"

Introduction

• to assist in improving the capacity and performance of think tanks around the world

What?

• public-policy research analysis and engagement organizations
• the academic ----- policymaking communities
• Categories of think tank affiliations

Where?

Why?

• Goal of Report
• Threats: "four mores"
• Challenges
• "four M's"

Think Tank Innovation

• WWⅡ---1970s & 80s --- Today

1. fundraising strategies
2. directing
3. competition

Contributing Factors Creating a Need to Innovate

1. +information-rich environment
2. changing digital times
3. support research with...
4. technological innovation
5. the battle for capital: become fiercer
6. emerging generational shift

Attributes of Think Tank Innovation

1. produce research (timely&accessible)
2. collaborate (frequently & effectively)
3. look across sectoes for insporation
4. developing innovative practices:

• Transformational Leadership
• Overhead Funding
• Clear and Stratrgic Mission
• Collaboration
• Flexibility with Employees

Looking to the Future of Think Tank Innovation

Trends:

• the operational environment
• technological advances
• an unstavle political order
• the information saturation

Overview of Modifications and Enhancements to the Global Go To Think Tanks Index

Recent Years' Modifications

2015 Process and Methodology

Methodology and Tomeline

Timeline of the Nomination and Ranking Process

2015 Global Go To Think Tank Index Nomination and Ranking Criteria

Think Tank Impact Assessment Tool

• Resource indicators
• Utilization indicators
• Output indicators
• Impact indicators

2015 Think Tank Statistics

• Asia 1262
• China and its surrounding countries 18.4%
• Rank 2 China 435

2015 Ranking Categories

• China?

2015 Categorical Definitions

2015 Global Go To Ranking Results

• P66 China
• 3. China Institutes of Contemporay International Relation （CICIR)
• 8. China Institute of International Studies (CIIS)
• 9. Carnegie Center
• 10. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS)

Background

Vocabularies

• validate  v.

1.to confirm or establish the truthfulness or soundness of something
2.to declare or render something legal or binding
3.to register something formally and have its use officially sanctioned
4.to make somebody feel valued as a person, or feel that his or her ideas or opinions are worthwhile
5.to officially state that something is of an appropriate standard
6.to officially prove that something is true or correct
7.to make a document legally valid

• recruitment  n.

1.the process of finding people to join the military, or a company or organization

• foster  v.

1.to provide a child with care and upbringing
2.to encourage the development of something
3.to keep a feeling or thought alive

• philanthropy  n.

1.a desire to improve the material, social, and spiritual welfare of humanity, especially through charitable activities
2.a philanthropic action or organization
3.general love for, or benevolence towards, the whole of humankind
4.the belief that you should help people, especially by giving money to those who need it

• analogous  adj.

1.similar in some respects, allowing an analogy to be drawn
2.describes body parts and organs that have equivalent functions but that have evolved independently of one another in different plants or animals.
3.similar to another situation, process, etc. so that the same things are true of or relevant to both

• rigor  n.

1.unrelenting strictness or toughness in dealing with people or things and an unwillingness to make allowances
2.the application of precise and exacting standards in the doing of something
3.an experience of great hardship or difficulty

Personal Views

全球智库发展势头良好，中国也不例外，智库数量全球第二。但中国的智库数量优势毋庸置疑，质量是否与数量协调呢？

2015年的全球智库报告显示，中国的智库质量依然堪忧，前百上榜为个位数，而这一数字在2013年为20个。也就是说，中国智库，质量不升反降。而排行前列的，都是中国社科院及其下设研究机构，均为官方老牌智库。由此可见，中国智库，只重数量，不注重质量和创新。

中国正处在改革的风口浪尖，处于转型期的中国，面临的问题细微而复杂。决策者也比以往更需要前瞻性、对策性的研究报告。而智库，作为思想的蓄水池，要起到其深度影响政府决策的科学指导作用。

中国智库的发展，任重而道远，而民间智库，有更长的路要走。

德国的许多城市也正在推进全城免费wifi的建立，它们希望把城市做成一个品牌，wifi也是其中一步。如莱比锡的中心城区已基本覆盖，其wifi名即为Leipziger，这也符合该城在公交站台等公共场所不断宣传的城市概念。但它的功能仅限于连接网络，远没有视频中的如此强大。

 The MTI Open Agriculture initiative Caleb Harper is introducing the digital farm into plant cultivation. In digital farm plants could grow in a controlled environment without soil by the use of aeroponics and hydroponics. The sensor in water will take reading every eight seconds, checking everything like temperature. Such a digital agriculture may bring benefits to human beings. First and foremost, Caleb Harper says this method is three to five times faster and uses seventy to ninety less water than traditional farming so people can enjoy their harvest within twenty minutes without plants degrading. Secondly, because of the decentralization future, the digital farming will be a brand new way of production and even a fresh lifestyle. For adapting to this new way, more food companies and retailers are collaborating with Open Agriculture in order to provide trustful and transparent plants for their new customers.

  China is a country of agriculture which is the solid foundation for its economic and social development. Therefore, the progress made in agriculture can considerably boost a whole country’s prosperity. If we apply digital farm into China, advantages can not be overlooked. Most importantly, this mean may effectively handle the shortage of grains in China. Due to a large population and a huge gap between Eastern and Western China, many have been threatened by hunger. The digital farm with its excellent production efficiency will offer adequate food to people in need. Secondly, compared with the traditional way, digital farm uses less water and takes up no soil which unquestionably could save more water for dried areas and more earth for afforestation. Thirdly, the digital farm could produce plant and grain everywhere which better accommodates to urban people’s demand. China is on its road to modernization and urbanization, the rural places used for farming and agriculture is turning into towns or cities. With the expansion of cities and declination of countryside, there will be no extra earth for farming. However, people living in cities could harvest plants and grain from the digital farm conveniently. Apart from those mentioned above, drawing upon the merits from other country’s achievement will promote Chinese scientists to study further the way of optimizing agriculture based on the digital farm.

  However, before introducing it into China, relevant scientists and researchers should check if the plants produced in this digital farm is safe or not. Recently, the safety of genetically Modified Food has aroused people’s attention. Like the MG food, digital farm could benefit agriculture, countries development, but mankind’s security should be put on the top of list. Now that we can not confirm the plants growing in a unnatural way can be in line with the food standard, efforts should be made in it in advance instead of imprudently introducing it in. If its food is far away from the food safety standard, prohibition of the digital farm should be forcefully implemented and, of course, Chinese scientists will be advised to offer assistance to Open Agriculture’s staff to face this stunning challenge so as to improve this technology. 

Digital agriculture refers to the remote sensing and geographic information system, global positioning system, computer technology, communication and network technology, automation technology and geography, agronomy, ecology, plant physiology, soil science and other disciplines organically, realize in the agricultural production process real-time monitoring of crop and soil from the macro to the the micro, in order to achieve the growth and development of crops, pests, water and fertilizer condition and the corresponding environment for regular access to information, generate dynamic spatial information system, simulation of the process of agricultural production, the phenomenon, achieve the rational use of agricultural resources, reduce production costs, improve the ecological environment, crop and the quality of the products.

Digital agriculture is the modern information technology, which is used for the visual expression, digital design and information management of agricultural objects, environment and the whole process of agricultural production. Digital agriculture makes the integration of information technology and agriculture to achieve effective integration, which is of great significance to the transformation of traditional agriculture and the transformation of agricultural production.

Characteristics of digital agriculture：

1.Agricultural production highly specialized, large-scale, enterprise

2.Improvement of agricultural production system

3.The “trinity” of agricultural education, research and promotion

China is an influential, agriculture-oriented and most populous country in which rural population constitute the utmost.The problems about agriculture, countryside and peasantry are very important in China. So Digital agriculture can help China solving these problems, it is very important in China.

"the digital agriculture" has become the important content of the world new agriculture science and technology revolution.Precision Agriculture and Digital Agriculture are the direction of world agriculture.Now our country agriculture is developing in the direction of the digital agriculture, a new type of intensive and agricultural informatization, compared with traditional agriculture.Digital agriculture technology is one of important symbols of modern agricultural high-tech, including digitalization, visualization, design, control and management of the whole process of agricultural production and supervision with application of digitalization technology.

We should follow the world's step.Traditional agriculture is not a good choice for us now.On the background, just make developing agricultural informationization greatly as an important breakthrough in order to shorten the digital gap with the developed countries, and implementing gap development with superiority afterwards, has been an strategic problem of the current economic and social development.The new rural construction must be under the scientific development instruction, speed up the agriculture advance in technology, build the good environment, take positive innovation, transform agriculture growth way, develop the digital agriculture vigorously.The development of digital agriculture is conducive to the development of agriculture in China, and it is helpful to solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers.

So Developing digital agriculture is very important for China.

Digital farms means a highly integration of information technology and the different part of agriculture. By using modern information technologies, digital farms can realize real time monitoring of the plants, checking everything from the content to temperature. Techniques such as aeroponics and hydroponics can grow plants without using any soil in a totally controlled environment and can make a plant look, taste and grow exactly the way you want them, effectively creating foods that can be saved, shared and reused. While such methods are 3 to 5 times faster and use less water than traditional farming. Plus, foods grown in these ways are beneficial to people’s health. So digital farms is a challenge as well as an opportunity to the traditional agriculture.

Traditional agriculture usually calls for a large area of lands and perfect irrigation system. So its location usually tends to be in the remote area which is far from the downtown city. However, digital farms can remove it closer to cities where foods might be harvested and eaten within 20 minutes. As food is degrading on what it has to give you when it has been harvested and when it gets into your mouth, time means a lot. So, suppose we are those customers living in the downtown, which plants we might choose? Of course we will choose those foods that can be consumed within 20 minutes. Food companies, retailers and big retailers are the backbones of digital farms because they know that customers have changed and that customers want trust and transparency. Taken in this sense, digital farms has a promising future if it can be available to more and more common people.

We are soberly aware that China remains the biggest developing country in the world with a huge population, weak economic basis, uneven development and strong pressure on resources and the environment and that people’s living standards are still not so high. And we still know that China is an agricultural country and crop seed industry is a national strategic core industry. So the development of agriculture is of great importance for modernization in China. However, digital farms might shed a light on China’s agricultural development. At present, China is marching forward towards an industrialized country, which is a double sword for agriculture. On one hand, the development of industry can provide advanced technology for the development of agriculture. On the other hand, to some degree, industrialization is realized at the expense of agriculture. We can trace back to 1950s’ China, when agriculture was subject to the development of industry. Now, more and more labors are allocated to industries. Citizens in the village all flooded to downtown to make a living, leaving the elders and the young children left behind. As a consequence, many lands are wasted with less labors working in the farmland. So maybe digital farms can provide a new way to solve the problems existed right now and also help to perfect our agricultural system.

      2016年1月19日，国际电联与网络巨头思科系统公司发布的一份新报告将物联网（IoT）认定为一种重要的全球发展机遇，可改善千百万人的生活并大大加快实现联合国可持续发展目标的进程。

　　《利用物联网促进全球发展》报告概述了物联网如何对提供基层卫生医疗和教育服务等领域带来重大影响，它为社区带来翻天覆地变化的速度即使在几年前也难以想象。

　　这份联合报告认为，对物联网技术的强烈需求催生了各种发展中国家已经可用、价格可承受且可拓展的物联网设备，为新兴经济体促进增长并大幅改善人民生活提供了一个理想平台而所需投资却微乎其微。

　　物联网的概念在广泛意义上指日益增多的、连接到互联网且可以与其他设备通信（通常无需人为干预）的设备——从计算机、智能电话到简单的传感器和RFID 芯片等。物联网已在存储和库存系统、车队管理、环境监测和许多工业流程中广泛部署。

　　国际电联/思科系统公司的报告提出了物联网已对发展中国家卫生、教育和生计（如农业生产力）等活动带来重大影响的证据。它列出了在获得支持后可在发展中世界引发“物联网革命”的三个主要推动因素：

　　可用性

　　物联网设备在发展中国家的市场已很常见、价格便宜且易于更换。支持物联网的基础设施（WiFi、网吧等）在许多发展中国家社区已经到位，基础性移动连通性已接近无所不在（根据国际电联最新的统计数据，全球的2G覆盖率已达95%），且3G覆盖率不断增长（全球89%的城区居民，但农村居民只有29%）。

　　物联网设备日益用于条件恶劣、偏僻和不宜居住的环境。现在，随着需要越来越多的设备在室外各种条件和气候下操作，正在物联网规范中纳入“极端条件下”的操作参数以便它们可更好地适应充满挑战的环境。

　　价格可承受性

　　物联网的研发成本持续被发达国家市场的强烈需求所抵消，在对物联网设备进行“微调”、使其可以适用于发展中国家市场方面几乎不需要任何成本。该报告还指出，在许多情况下，发展中国家的市场并不需要发达国家更加复杂的基础设施，“核心物联网”已经可用，且提供了可以继续发展的数字中坚。

　　可扩展性

　　物联网设备设计时即考虑了可扩展性。许多设备已具有非常简单的“即插即用”功能，不需要有经验的技术人员进行安装或维护。电源功耗的降低及替代性供电（如太阳能）可在没有稳定供电的地方维持传感器和网络的运行，使其成为饱受电力供应不正常或没有供电的国家的理想方式。最后，物联网设备也越来越高度灵活，可根据家庭、社区或国家的具体情况提供短期或长期解决方案和扩展。

　　“物联网是我们快速演变发展的信息通信技术（ICT）行业最为令人振奋的领域之一，孕育着实现突变和变革的巨大潜力。面对全球发展挑战，物联网使我们具有了快速和以可承受成本扫除长期存在于诸如医疗卫生等基本服务方面障碍的潜力。物联网将证明是人们期待已久的新方式，有助于扭转发展中经济体的局面并极大改善成千上百万人民的日常生活。”国际电联秘书长赵厚麟如是说。

　　思科系统公司全球技术政策副总裁Robert Pepper博士表示：“物联网是我们这个时代具有分水岭和变革意义的技术之一。我们现在已具有了改善发展中国家成千上百万（如果不是数十亿）人民的生活并防止再度出现数字鸿沟的能力，因此，物联网为我们带来的机遇不容错过。让我们立即行动起来，避免出现相互连通和不能连通的两极分化世界的出现。”

　　报告强调指出，相互连通性是加大使用的关键所在。由于诸如国际电联等国际标准制定机构的努力，目前这类设备的全球互操作性与日俱增，不仅使此前互不兼容的多种设备得以相互操作和统一，而且使之切实可行。为加速全球在物联网发展方面的协作，去年国际电联电信标准化部门成立了新的ITU-T研究组第20研究组：物联网及其应用，包括智慧城市和社区，目的是满足物联网的标准化要求，最初的工作重点为智慧城市中的物联网应用。

　　跨越不同网络的机器到机器（M2M）信息将很快超出人为产生的数字信息。国际电联的旗舰监管报告2015年电信改革趋势将通过蜂窝移动网络的M2M通信确定为流量发展最快的ICT服务。据国际电联估计，2015年出货的无线物联网设备超过了10亿台，比2014年增长了60%，安装基数达到了被预测的28亿台。目前预测，到2020年，将有250亿台联网装置实现互联，预期物联网收入在2019年时将达到1.7万亿美元，使物联网成为世界范围内最大的设备市场。

　　报告简短列出了相关建议，包括政府对技术创新公司的支持、ICT 孵化器和本地数据中心。此外，报告敦促发展中国家政府和企业抓住物联网带来的机遇，并制定相关政策和监管框架，从而为物联网的部署创建有利环境。在国际电联即将召开的全球监管机构专题研讨会上，物联网将是议题之一。

从目录看是对虚拟现实和增强现实商业价值的分析。

投资一家做传感器公司是不错的选择。

纽约也在推动智慧城市，这是一个很大的进步，值得我们深入关注。

Wifi是互联网时代的基本特征，大家会到处找低廉的Wifi上网点，美国纽约是一个创新的城市，这一点似乎中国可以借鉴。

franchisee 大公司联营店 加盟店

Johny Srouji joined Apple in 2008.

receive 90000 shares

step out of the spotlight

exclusive visit独家访问

be secretive about 

speculation 推测

Chick-fil-A 美国第二大鸡肉快餐服务连锁店

chevy volt雪佛兰

the great uniter

settlement庭外和解

mediation 调停

EEOC 平等就业机会委员会(Equal Employment Opportunity Commission)

box office 票房

top 140 million

vulnerability脆弱性

a power surge动力高峰

pull info off the chip

invest some efforts

weigh in on...对……发表意见

encryption 加密

unhackable

What do you make of that？这事你怎么看？

gravitational wave引力波

collide 碰撞

disastrous

slog through 拼命苦干

recessive gene隐性基因

make a remarkable comeback复原

FDA美国食品药物管理局

on the top of my priority list

breed three very successful daughters in completely different disciplines

dig into钻研

throw in the towel 认输

under scrutiny

transparency

go public上市，公开宣布

configuration 配置

crack goal

gias：身份认证系统

不知道算不算得上是一种无线的FTTC技术的应用呢

conspicuous显眼的

circumvent规避，绕过

dictatorship独裁，专政

德语

引力波：Gravitationswellen

广义相对论：Die Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie

宇宙大爆炸：Urknall

如果跟AlphaGo下棋的是完全不懂围棋套路的人，不知道结果会如何？